2024-T4; 2024-T351 Aluminum alloy,Aluminum 2024-T4; 2024-T351 alloy,E FORU

### **Aluminum 2024-T4 / 2024-T351 Alloy Product Introduction** **Overview** 2024-T4 and 2024-T351 are high-strength aluminum-copper alloys in the solution heat-treated and naturally aged condition. These tempers represent the fundamental high-strength condition of the 2024 alloy system, offering an excellent balance of strength, ductility, and damage tolerance. The T351 temper specifically includes a stress-relieving stretch after solution heat treatment, providing improved dimensional stability for machining applications. --- #### **1. Chemical Composition** | Element | Content (%) | |---------|-------------| | **Aluminum (Al)** | Balance | | **Copper (Cu)** | 3.8 - 4.9 | | **Magnesium (Mg)** | 1.2 - 1.8 | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.30 - 0.9 | | **Iron (Fe)** | ≤ 0.20 | | **Silicon (Si)** | ≤ 0.15 | | **Zinc (Zn)** | ≤ 0.10 | | **Chromium (Cr)** | ≤ 0.10 | | **Other Elements** | ≤ 0.15 total | --- #### **2. Physical Properties** | Property | Value / Description | |----------|---------------------| | **Density** | 2.78 g/cm³ (0.100 lb/in³) | | **Melting Range** | 500°C - 638°C (932°F - 1180°F) | | **Electrical Conductivity** | 30-35% IACS | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 121 W/m·K | | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | 23.2 × 10⁻⁶/°C (20-100°C) | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | 73.1 GPa (10,600 ksi) | | **Poisson's Ratio** | 0.33 | --- #### **3. Mechanical Properties** **Typical Mechanical Properties:** | Property | 2024-T4 | 2024-T351 | |----------|----------|------------| | **Tensile Strength** | 425-470 MPa (62-68 ksi) | 430-475 MPa (62-69 ksi) | | **Yield Strength (0.2%)** | 275-325 MPa (40-47 ksi) | 280-330 MPa (41-48 ksi) | | **Elongation (2 inches)** | 12-20% | 12-18% | | **Shear Strength** | 255-275 MPa (37-40 ksi) | 260-280 MPa (38-41 ksi) | | **Fatigue Strength** | 138 MPa (20 ksi) | 140 MPa (20 ksi) | | **Brinell Hardness** | 105-115 HB | 110-120 HB | --- #### **4. International Standards** | Standard System | Designation | Product Form | |-----------------|-------------|--------------| | **ASTM** | ASTM B209 | Sheet & Plate | | **AMS** | AMS 4037 | Sheet (T4) | | **AMS** | AMS 4081 | Plate (T351) | | **MIL** | MIL-DTL-6075 | Sheet | | **EN** | EN AW-2024A [T4/T351] | Sheet/Plate | | **ISO** | ISO 6361 | Wrought Products | --- #### **5. Product Applications** **Aerospace Applications:** - Aircraft fuselage skins and panels - Wing structures and components - Aircraft bulkheads and frames - Structural brackets and fittings - Aircraft repair components **Transportation Industry:** - Truck wheels and frames - Automotive structural components - Railway vehicle structures - Marine vessel components **General Manufacturing:** - High-strength structural applications - Machinery components - Defense equipment - Precision machined parts --- #### **6. Key Advantages & Considerations** **Advantages:** - ✅ **Excellent Strength-to-Weight Ratio** - ✅ **Good Damage Tolerance** - ✅ **Superior Fatigue Resistance** - ✅ **Good Machinability** (especially T351) - ✅ **Better Formability** than T8 tempers - ✅ **Proven Aerospace Performance** **Considerations:** - ⚠️ **Poor Corrosion Resistance** - requires protective coatings - ⚠️ **Limited Weldability** - not recommended for fusion welding - ⚠️ **Stress-Corrosion Cracking** risk in short transverse direction - ⚠️ **Natural Aging** continues over time - ⚠️ **Lower Strength** than T8 series tempers --- **Temper Difference Explanation** **2024-T4:** - Solution heat-treated and naturally aged - No stress relief after heat treatment - May contain residual stresses from quenching - Generally used for sheet products **2024-T351:** - Solution heat-treated, stress-relieved by stretching (1.5-3%) - Naturally aged - Better dimensional stability for machining - Typically used for plate and rolled products --- **Heat Treatment Process** **Solution Heat Treatment:** - Temperature: 490-500°C (915-932°F) - Soak time: Dependent on thickness - Quenching: Rapid water quench **Natural Aging:** - Properties stabilize in 4-7 days - Continues at decreasing rate for several weeks - Maximum strength typically reached in 20-30 days --- **Conclusion** 2024-T4 and 2024-T351 aluminum alloys represent the cornerstone of high-strength aluminum applications in the aerospace industry. While offering slightly lower strength than artificially aged tempers, they provide superior damage tolerance and fatigue resistance, making them ideal for aircraft structures where crack resistance is critical. The T351 variant, with its stress-relieved condition, offers particular advantages for precision machining applications where dimensional stability is paramount. Despite requiring appropriate corrosion protection, these tempers continue to be essential materials for weight-critical structural applications across aerospace, transportation, and defense industries.

Packing of Standard Packing: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1544 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request.